§ Research

Studying AI in classrooms — in the rooms themselves.

Our research braids learning sciences, learning analytics, AI, and human-centered design. We work with teachers and students, audit the systems that mediate them, and build evidence on what helps and what harms.

§ What drives the work

The lab takes the question seriously.

Artificial intelligence (AI) exacerbates educational inequities by threatening heterogeneity and promoting cultural and linguistic hierarchies. When used in learners’ contexts that differ from the majority, AI tends to perform significantly worse — leading to biased assessments, perpetuated cultural stereotypes, increased hallucinations, and a failure to capture linguistic and cultural nuance.

  1. 01

    What does TRAIL Lab aim to solve through its research?

    TRAIL Lab’s research addresses persistent educational inequities that arise when AI is introduced into classrooms. These inequities often affect historically marginalized students and are rooted in how AI systems are designed, evaluated, and used in real-world educational settings.

  2. 02

    How does TRAIL Lab tackle these challenges?

    By working at the intersection of learning sciences, learning analytics, AI, and human-centered design, TRAIL Lab develops new methods to identify and mitigate AI biases. We center the lived experiences of historically marginalized students in our design processes to ensure AI systems reflect their realities.

  3. 03

    What role do teachers play in TRAIL Lab’s research?

    A key part of our work is enabling K–12 teachers to use AI in ways that recognize and amplify students’ linguistic and cultural assets. Our tools and methods are designed to support educators in creating more inclusive, responsive, and equitable learning environments.

§ Contributions

Methodological, empirical, and design contributions to the field.

Educational AI

We design multilingual and multicultural large language models (LLMs) and develop stakeholder-driven, context-aware methods for evaluating AI in education.

AI Fairness

We create novel approaches to measuring AI bias that go beyond traditional demographic categories, accounting for context, lived experience, and power dynamics.

Learning Analytics

We develop analytics to capture the non-dominant ways students express meaning, communicate, and learn — for example, by surfacing cultural assets in scientific argumentation.

Teacher Tools

We build tools that support equitable classroom practices, such as real-time assistance for culturally sustaining pedagogy and multimodal analytics for teacher reflection.

§ Research areas

Active lines of inquiry.

  1. 01 / 04Active

    Reliability Issues in Current Approaches to Identify and Mitigate AI Bias

    Supported by · NSF / Google

  2. 02 / 04Active

    Stakeholder-Driven Contextual Evaluation of AI Bias: Novel Conceptions, Methods, Tools

    Supported by · NSF / Google

  3. 03 / 04Active

    Teachers as Mediators: Understanding Practices and Values to Support Human–AI Partnerships

    Supported by · NSF / Google

  4. 04 / 04Active

    Tools, Analytics, and Professional Development to Facilitate Teachers’ Use of AI in Enacting Equitable Practices

    Supported by · NSF / Google

TRAIL Lab

The Responsible AI for Learning Lab — asking whether AI belongs in classrooms, not just how.

University of Wisconsin–Madison · Educational Psychology

Contact

1025 W Johnson St

Madison, WI 53706

shamya.karumbaiah@wisc.edu

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Feedback or accessibility issues? shamya.karumbaiah@wisc.edu